martes, 12 de abril de 2011

Clues to Earth's Past

Fossil
Are the remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms.



Permineralized Remains
Are fossils in  which spaces inside are filled with minerals from groundwater.

A fossil Ammonite

Carbon Film
Is when a thin film of carbon residue is left, forming a silhouette of the original organism.


Mold
Is when the hard part decay or dissolve, leaving behind a cavity in the rock.


Cast
Is when mineral- rich water or other sediment enter the cavity, forming a new rock, and produces a copy of the original object.


Index Fossils
Are the remains of species that existed on Earth for relatively short periods of time, they were abundant and widespread geographically.  


Principle of Superposition
It saids the in undistributed layers of rock, the oldest rocks are on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top.


Relative Age
Is the age of something in comparison to other things.


Unconformities
Are gaps in rock sequence.


Absolute Age
Is the age, in years, of a rock or other object.


Radioactive Decay
The process of braking down.


Half-life
Is the time it takes for half of the atoms in the isotope to decay.


Radiometric Dating
Is the process of  knowing the half-life of the parent to measure the absolute age of  a rock. 


Uniformitarianism
A principle that states that Earth processes occurring today are similar to those that occurred in the past.


martes, 5 de abril de 2011

Water Erosion and Deposition

Runoff

water that doesn´t soak or evaporate but instead flows across Earth´s surface.

Channel

water that moves down the same path creating a groove.


Sheet erosion


occurs when water that is moving as sheets picks up and carries awya sediments.

Drainage basin

is the area of land from which a stream or river collects runoff.







Meander

curve that grows to become a curved arc.
 




Groundwater

water that soaks into the  ground and collects in these

pores or emty spaces.


 



Permeable

is when objects have pores connected and water can pass

through them.




Impermeable
objects that water cannot pass through them.
 


Aquifer

a layer of permeable rock that lets water move freely.



Water table


the upper part of the zone of saturation.


Spring
is when water table is so close to Earth´s surface the water moves out.


Geyser 


is hot spring that erupts periodically, shooting water and steam into the air.



Cave


 cracks in the limestone enlarge until n underground opening.




Longshore current 


water that runs parallel to the shoreline.






Beaches


deposits of sediment that is parallel to the shore